The centromedial nucleus is part of the intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus and forms reciprocal connections with the globus pallidus and premotor cortex, contributing to the basal gangliar feedback system that connects the basal ganglia with the cerebral cortex. Functionally, the centromedial nucleus participates in sensorimotor coordination, cognition, and pain processing. It also propagates salient stimuli during attention-demanding tasks. The centromedial nucleus might be a potential target for treating Tourette syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and consciousness.