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Essay by Nicolas Tournadre in English (June 10, 2015)

The future is formed by placing after the verb the particles: གི་རེད་ (assertive) or གི་ཡིན་ (intentional egophoric). These are composed by adding the essential copula རེད་ or ཡིན་ to the suffix གི་. In written Tibetan, གི་ has several possible variants according to the final consonant of the preceding syllable. The pattern of these variants is the same as in the case of the genitive, except for vowels and the letter འ་:

  • གི་ is used after vowels and འ་, ག་, ང་                
  • ཀྱི་ is used after ད་, བ་, ས་, and the second crypted suffix ད་  
  • གྱི་ is used after ན་, མ་, ར་, ལ་                            

In Spoken Tibetan, the suffix is pronounced gi in all cases.

The intentional form གི་ཡིན་ may be used only with volitional verbs in the first person. In interrogative sentences, the egophoric form གི་ཡིན་ is replaced by གས་ if the statement contains no interrogative pronoun, and by ག་ otherwise.

The different forms are given in the following table:

Table: The Future Auxiliaries

Affirmative

Interrogative

(without pronoun)

Interrogative

(with pronoun)

Negative

Negative Interrogative

གི་ཡིན་

གི་ཡིན་པས་

གས་

ག་

གི་མིན་

གི་མིན་པས་

གི་རེད་

གི་རེད་པས་

གི་རེད་

གི་མ་རེད་

གི་མ་རེད་པས་

Some basic example sentences:

  • སང་ཉིན་མོག་མོག་བཟོ་གི་ཡིན། “Tomorrow I shall make momos.”
  • སང་ཉིན་མོག་མོག་བཟོ་གི་རེད། “Tomorrow he/she will make momos.”