n 2003, John Bellezza conducted exploration on the High Tibet Antiquities Expedition (HTAE), which lasted just 48 days.5 On the HTAE, around 40 archaeological sites were documented by traveling more than 8000 km by motor vehicle. The geographic focus of exploration was the border areas situated in ru thog, rtsa mda’ and spu rang, the first access to many of these sectors by an outsider in 60 years.